Learn & Go w Dr. Laurie Iliopsoas Part 1 - For Medical Professionals

Welcome! Happy to have you with us for  this edition of "Learn & Go with Dr. Laurie." Today, we're focusing on a crucial yet frequently overlooked component of canine anatomy, the iliopsoas muscle. Understanding the location of the iliopsoas muscle, its function, and palpation techniques are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of related conditions.

Anatomy and Location

The iliopsoas muscle comprises two muscles: the iliacus and the psoas major. This muscle group originates from the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4 for the psoas major and the sacropelvic surface of the ilium for the iliacus) and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur. Due to its deep location within the abdominal cavity, it plays a significant role in stabilizing the lumbar spine and flexing the hip joint.

Function

The primary function of the iliopsoas muscle is hip flexion. It is integral for activities that require the dog to lift its hind leg, such as walking, running, and jumping. Additionally, the iliopsoas muscle contributes to the lateral stability of the spine and aids in the coordination of complex movements, making it vital for agility and overall mobility.

Palpation Techniques

Palpating the iliopsoas muscle requires a nuanced understanding of its anatomical position and a gentle approach:

1. Positioning the Dog: Have the dog stand or lie in lateral recumbency. Ensure the dog is calm and relaxed to allow for effective palpation.

2. Locating the Muscle: Begin by palpating the ventral aspect of the lumbar spine and the iliopsoas’ origin. Follow the muscle ventrally and distally towards its insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

3. Stretching and Shortening: To facilitate palpation, gently extend and flex the hip joint. Hip extension will stretch the iliopsoas, making it easier to distinguish from surrounding tissues. Conversely, hip flexion will shorten the muscle. Palpate along the length of the muscle, noting any areas of tension, swelling, or discomfort.

4. Direct Palpation: With the hip in a neutral position, apply gentle pressure along the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebrae and the iliopsoas. Use your fingers to identify the muscle’s firmness and consistency. Any signs of pain or resistance may indicate strain or injury.

Clinical Significance

Understanding how to accurately palpate and assess the iliopsoas muscle is critical for diagnosing conditions such as iliopsoas strain or myopathy. Injuries to this muscle can result in significant lameness and discomfort, often presenting as hip or lower back pain. Early detection and appropriate intervention, including physical therapy, laser therapy, and targeted exercises, are essential for successful management.

Conclusion

Mastering the palpation of the iliopsoas muscle enhances your diagnostic capabilities and allows for more targeted and effective treatments. In our next video, we will delve into advanced diagnostic techniques and treatment protocols for iliopsoas injuries.

Thank you for your dedication to veterinary excellence. Stay tuned for more insights and practical tips in our upcoming editions of "Learn & Go with Dr. Laurie."

Warmest regards,

Dr. Laurie McCauley, DVM, DACVSMR, CVC, CVA, CCRT
Optimum Pet Vitality
Empowering People, Optimizing Pets

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